Here’s what the Draghi government’s PNRR will look like
All the differences between Conte-Gualtieri's PNRR and Draghi-Franco's. In the new draft of the Recovery Plan there are the reforms of the next ten years. The in-depth study by Enrico Martial
The main difference of the NRR ( National Recovery and Resilience Plan or Italian Recovery Plan ) between the government of Giuseppe Conte and the Draghi government is found in the "reforms". In the version that is circulating, in English and Italian, incomplete in the first part and with adjustments to be made, the change lies in the connection between reforms and investments. The connection uses each form, as requested by the European Commission. The system is maintained: there are 6 missions (ie the General Measures of the program) and a series of “Components” (or “sub-measures” ie a lower level of programming). The distribution of resources is confirmed, barring minor adjustments, for 196.5 billion at 2019 prices. However, due to this connection between "Reforms and Investments", the contents of the cards also change, which are better aligned with what is happening in the Country for a few years.
COMBINE REFORMS AND INVESTMENTS
Combining reforms and investments is quite a novelty. In the experience of thirty years of European programs, one had the idea of being two or three steps ahead of the soft belly of national regulations, often perimeter and constraint, as rusty as central, regional or municipal administrations. The European funds were more advanced in the method, by subsidiarity and bottom-up, quantified evaluations by objectives, measurable results, participation. They were more advanced in content, from active aging to climate resilience, from innovation to territorial development, (corridors, urban networks, mountain and rural areas), with the social, with the cross-border. The politics of the palace were seen as distant. The support of a few attentive politicians, often second-rate, and a group of executives worked, often in the Ministry of Economy, or in some important office of Infrastructure or Foreign Affairs. These were the modernizations that Italy was unable to do alone or quickly, according to the classical and simplified lesson that came from Ugo La Malfa and Guido Carli and that for this reason they looked to Europe.
After the government of Mario Monti, a series of reforms instead came by political push, from Letta to Renzi, to Gentiloni to the two Conte governments, some more and some less. The Digital Agenda, the Madia for the public administration, the energy plans, the partial school reforms (including the Invalsi tests which in Europe are called PISA), water, inland areas and small municipalities were aligned strategies with European guidelines, directives and communications from the Commission. They were partly written in the National Reform Program (PNR, which all European countries have) and partly in the Country Recommendations of the so-called European Semester, a path shared between the States on homework and with the agreement of each State that receives them.
THE KEY PASSAGE OF THE RECOVERY PLAN BETWEEN CONTE 2 AND DRAGHI
The reforms (Good School, Welfare, Water, Energy) were conceived as national – not as part of an overall European strategy, if not case by case – and the connection with investments was only complementary, as in the case of the Digital Agenda, since it is precisely the European funds that finance the Ultra Broadband (BUL) network. For the Italian reforms to become part of a shared European path, it was not enough if they were written in a National Reform Plan that no one knows about. This political junction was needed between the Giallorossi Conte 2 (who could not write the Recovery Plan, or Pnrr) and Draghi.
In fact, in the version of 11 March, unlike that of 12 January, the current document in preparation is written connecting "investments" and "reforms". This was what was missing from our Pnrr Guidelines as early as October, while the French "Relance Plan" of September 2020 put together money and strategies (small towns and Coeurdes Villes, the Hydrogen Plan, land use, etc.) as well as the German one in June 2020, for example with the modernization and digitization of healthcare and hospitals (Krankenhausstrategie).
WHAT ARE THE REFUMES AND THE PLANS
The new PNRR in March and in preparation links reforms, such as national laws, norms and plans, to each of the six “missions” and to each of the underlying “components”. In addition to the Digital Agenda (with its declinations, such as the National Strategy for Digital Skills of 2020 ), the "Simplification Decree" (Law 120/2020), Law 106/2014 completed by the Law of stability for 2016 for the "Strategic Plan for Major Cultural Heritage Projects", the "Borghi Plan" of Law 158/2017 and the "Strategy for inland areas" for mission 1 component 3 (tourism and culture) and for mission 5 . The "National strategy for the bioeconomy" of the "National strategy of intelligent specialization" of 2016 is found for mission 2 (green transition), which also refers to the "Integrated National Plan for Energy and Climate" of the 2020, the "National Program for Waste Management" pursuant to art. 198bis of Legislative Decree 152/2006, the "Climate Law" no.141 / 2019, which also affects forests, for example. The other Missions are accompanied by similar references to "reforms": the "Biomethane Decree" of May 2, 2018, the "National Infrastructure Plan for Charging Electricity-Powered Vehicles (PNIRE)" as per Law 134/2012 (for mission 3 Mobility), the "National plan of interventions in the water sector" provided for by the Prime Ministerial Decree of 1 August 2019, the general guidelines of the Program Agreement with RFI (which concerns the movement of transport from road to rail, always for the 3 Mobility), Law 84/1994 of "Reorganization of port legislation", modified in various ways but lacking an updated strategic plan, the "National plan for teacher training" (which was part of the "Buona Scuola "By Matteo Renzi), the development of the Higher Technical Institutes (post-graduate schools that date back to Prodi but have a strategy only since 2011), the National Research Plan, all for mission 4" Education, training, research and culture".
THE OPEN SITES OF REFORMS
Despite the apparent saraband of plans, laws, decrees and strategies, it turns out that we have a broad legal basis for many of the investments of the PNRR (or Recovery Plan), in particular on digital and environmental transitions and on the territory. It should be noted that these are all state and top-down reforms: with respect to regional competences, they will be implemented with program agreements and understandings.
There are also construction sites, such as the reform of the professional technical institutes or that of the research doctorate (the laws are being developed by the Ministry). Others are to be built but are outlined, such as the “National Program for Guaranteed Employability of Workers” for mission 5 Social, gender and territorial equity or the “National strategic plan for new skills”. In other sectors, such as hydrogen or nursery schools, where there are funded projects (hydrogen at the Politecnico di Torino with Horizon, in the regional programs Por Social Fund for nursery schools) but not the legal basis and a strategy . Finally, the Pnrr (that is always our Recovery Plan) announces a clear reform of the territorial health care model within the framework of Mission 6 “Health”.
Among all the reforms, an important one mentioned in the Country Recommendations concerns justice. The draft Pnrr in circulation dedicates an annex to it, with three reform segments: one of the civil process (a single simplified civil ceremony), one of the judicial system (responsibility, efficiency, access, simplification) and one of the criminal process (digitization, duration, rationalizations and simplifications).
This is a machine translation from Italian language of a post published on Start Magazine at the URL https://www.startmag.it/economia/pnrr-draghi/ on Mon, 15 Mar 2021 08:52:45 +0000.